In his A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (PHK), Berkeley proposes a purely mind-based universe in which only mental things—perceptions, volitions, and their cogitative substrates, i.e. minds—exist. He argues that our knowledge of Nature, what is conventionally believed to be “external reality”, is actually not based on the … More Berkeley and Nature

Alfred Korzybski once pointed out that “the map is not the territory.” In an important way, maps function as models, or compressed descriptions, by which we refer to elements of the large compilation of sense-data we could call the “territory”. There’s no question that we’ve learned to make better maps … More seeing through the fishbowl